Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a web security vulnerability that enables attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by unsuspecting users. These injected scripts can steal sensitive data, hijack user sessions, manipulate page content, or redirect victims to malicious websites.
Exploited in phishing campaigns to capture session cookies, login credentials, and other sensitive user information.Used to deface websites, inject malicious content, or distribute malware through compromised web applications.
Attackers inject malicious code into vulnerable web pages that executes in victims' browsers when they view the compromised content. These scripts typically target session cookies, authentication tokens, or personal data stored in the browser.
The primary types are stored XSS, where malicious scripts are permanently saved on the target server, and reflected XSS, where scripts are immediately returned by the web server in response to user input. A third type, DOM-based XSS, manipulates the page's Document Object Model directly in the user's browser.
Developers can prevent XSS vulnerabilities by implementing input validation and output encoding, sanitizing all user-supplied data, following secure coding practices, and deploying security mechanisms such as Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict script execution.
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